Floating Solar Photovoltaics (FSPV) ndi ukadaulo momwe makina opangira magetsi a solar photovoltaic (PV) amayikidwa pamadzi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyanja, m'madamu, nyanja zam'madzi, ndi m'madzi ena. Pamene kufunikira kwa mphamvu zoyera padziko lonse kukukulirakulirabe, mphamvu zoyandama za dzuwa zikuchulukirachulukira ngati njira yatsopano yopangira mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Zotsatirazi ndikuwunika za chitukuko cha mphamvu zoyandama zoyandama komanso zabwino zake zazikulu:
1. Chiyembekezo cha chitukuko
a) Kukula kwa Msika
Msika woyandama wa dzuwa ukukula mwachangu, makamaka m'magawo ena omwe nthaka ndi yolimba, monga Asia, Europe ndi United States. Mphamvu ya dzuwa yoyandama padziko lonse lapansi ikuyembekezeka kukwera kwambiri m'zaka zikubwerazi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamsika, msika wapadziko lonse wa mphamvu zoyandama zoyandama ukuyembekezeka kufika mabiliyoni a madola pofika chaka cha 2027. China, Japan, South Korea, India ndi mayiko ena akum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi omwe adatengera lusoli ndipo achita ziwonetsero zingapo pamadzi omwewo.
b) Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo
Pogwiritsa ntchito luso lamakono lopitirirabe komanso kuchepetsa mtengo, ma modules oyandama a dzuwa apangidwa kuti azigwira ntchito bwino, ndipo ndalama zoikamo ndi kukonza zachepetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Mapangidwe a nsanja zoyandama pamadzi amakhalanso osiyanasiyana, kuwongolera kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwadongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, makina ophatikizika osungiramo mphamvu ndi matekinoloje anzeru a gridi amapereka mwayi wokulirapo pakukula kwa solar yoyandama.
c) Thandizo la ndondomeko
Mayiko ndi zigawo zambiri zimapereka chithandizo cha ndondomeko kuti pakhale mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, makamaka pamitundu yoyera ya mphamvu monga mphepo ndi dzuwa. Mphamvu ya dzuwa yoyandama, chifukwa cha ubwino wake wapadera, yalandira chidwi cha maboma ndi mabizinesi, ndipo ndalama zothandizira, zolimbikitsa komanso zothandizira ndondomeko zikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapereka chitsimikizo champhamvu cha chitukuko cha teknolojiyi.
d) Ntchito zoteteza chilengedwe
Mphamvu za dzuwa zoyandama zimatha kukhazikitsidwa pamadzi popanda kutenga malo ambiri amtundu wa nthaka, zomwe zimapereka njira yabwino yothetsera madera omwe ali ndi nthaka yolimba. Ikhozanso kuphatikizidwa ndi kasamalidwe ka madzi (mwachitsanzo, madamu ndi kuthirira m'madzi) kuti apititse patsogolo kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mphamvu ndikulimbikitsa kusintha kobiriwira kwa mphamvu.
2. Kusanthula Ubwino
a) Kusunga chuma cha nthaka
Zida zamakono zapadziko lapansi zimafuna chuma chochuluka cha nthaka, pamene makina oyandama a dzuwa amatha kutumizidwa pamadzi popanda kutenga malo amtengo wapatali. Makamaka m'madera ena omwe ali ndi madzi ambiri, monga nyanja, zitsime, maiwe otaya zimbudzi, ndi zina zotero, mphamvu za dzuwa zoyandama zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino maderawa popanda kutsutsana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthaka monga ulimi ndi chitukuko cha mizinda.
b) Kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi
Kuwala komwe kumawonekera kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi kumatha kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa kuwala ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yopangira mphamvu ya mapanelo a PV. Kuonjezera apo, kuzizira kwachilengedwe kwa madzi kungathandize kuti gawo la PV likhalebe kutentha pang'ono, kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya PV chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu, motero kumapangitsa kuti mphamvu zonse zopangira magetsi zikhale bwino.
c) Chepetsani kutuluka kwa madzi
Dera lalikulu la mapanelo adzuwa oyandama omwe amaphimba pamwamba pamadzi amatha kuchepetsa kuphulika kwa matupi amadzi, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kumadera opanda madzi. Makamaka m'madamu kapena ulimi wothirira m'minda, solar yoyandama imathandiza kuteteza madzi.
d) Kuchepa kwa chilengedwe
Mosiyana ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa, mphamvu ya dzuwa yoyandama yomwe imayikidwa pamwamba pa madzi imapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chisamasokoneze kwambiri chilengedwe. Makamaka m'madzi osayenera kwa mitundu ina yachitukuko, dzuwa loyandama silimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa chilengedwe.
e) Kusinthasintha
Dzuwa loyandama litha kuphatikizidwa ndi matekinoloje ena kuti apititse patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse. Mwachitsanzo, zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi mphamvu yamphepo yam'madzi kuti ipange makina osakanizidwa amagetsi omwe amawonjezera kukhazikika komanso kudalirika kwamagetsi opanga magetsi. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi zina, mphamvu zoyandama za dzuwa ndi mafakitale ena, monga nsomba kapena nsomba zam'madzi, zimakhalanso ndi mwayi wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko, kupanga "chuma cha buluu" cha ubwino wambiri.
3. Zovuta ndi zovuta
Ngakhale kuli ndi ubwino wambiri wa mphamvu yoyandama ya dzuwa, kukula kwake kumakumanabe ndi zovuta zingapo:
Ukadaulo ndi mtengo: Ngakhale mtengo wa mphamvu zoyandama zoyandama ukuchepa pang'onopang'ono, udakali wokwera kuposa wanthawi zonse wamagetsi oyendera dzuwa, makamaka m'mapulojekiti akuluakulu. Kupanga zina zatekinoloje kumafunika kuti muchepetse ndalama zomangira ndi kukonza nsanja zoyandama.
Kusintha kwa chilengedwe: Kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa kayendedwe ka dzuwa koyandama kuyenera kutsimikiziridwa m'madera osiyanasiyana amadzi, makamaka kuti athane ndi zovuta za zinthu zachilengedwe monga nyengo yoopsa, mafunde ndi kuzizira.
Mikangano yogwiritsa ntchito madzi: M'madzi ena, kupanga ma solar oyandama kumatha kutsutsana ndi zochitika zina zamadzi monga zombo zapamadzi ndi usodzi, ndipo ndi funso la momwe mungakonzekere bwino ndikugwirizanitsa zosowa zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Fotokozerani mwachidule
Mphamvu za dzuwa zoyandama, monga njira yopangira mphamvu zowonjezera, zimakhala ndi chitukuko chachikulu, makamaka m'madera omwe ali ndi nthaka yolimba komanso nyengo yabwino. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, kuthandizira kwa mfundo komanso kuwongolera koyenera kwa chilengedwe, dzuwa loyandama lidzabweretsa mwayi wokulirapo m'zaka zikubwerazi. Polimbikitsa kusintha kobiriwira kwa mphamvu, mphamvu zoyandama za dzuwa zidzathandiza kwambiri pakupanga mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso chitukuko chokhazikika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-24-2025